Nikolaus Gravenstein Nikolaus Gravenstein, M.D., is the Jerome H. Modell professor of anesthesiology, as well as a professor of neurosurgery and professor of periodontology at the University of Florida. He earned an M.D. from the University of Florida. Dr. Gravenstein’s research interests include clinical anesthesiology, invasive and noninvasive monitoring and patient safety. His work has led to seven patented innovations, including two monitors for carbon dioxide and a noninvasive method for determining hematocrit and blood levels of hemoglobin and oxygen. Technologies Computer-Guided Orthodontic Tools for Optimal and Efficient Placement of Braces Mixed Simulation Using a Virtual Environment to Train Medical Practitioners Mixed Simulation for Medical Training Safe, Alternative Use of Anesthetic to Treat Low Testosterone
